Tramadol Hcl

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Tramadol is a strong painkiller from a group of medicines called opiates, or narcotics.

ata-block-key=”ti9ok”>It’s used to treat moderate to severe pain, for example after an operation or a serious injury.

If you have long term pain, your doctor may also prescribe it if weaker painkillers no longer work.

Tramadol does not stop the pain completely,

but you will not be able to feel it as much.

Tramadol was first FDA-approved on March 3, 1995. Originally it was classified as a non-controlled substance but it was reclassified in 2014 to Schedule IV of the Controlled Substances Act with restrictions on its prescribing.

Tramadol side effects
Common side effects
Common side effects of tramadol affecting 10% of people who take it include:

nausea
constipation
dry mouth
drowsiness
dizziness
vomiting.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.

You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Serious side effects and warnings, Tramadol may cause serious side effects, some of which may be fatal.

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Tramadol can slow or stop your breathing and may be habit-forming.

or other person using the medicine without a prescription. Keep this medicine where others cannot get to it.

Do not take more tramadol than prescribed as an overdosage can be fatal.

Selling or giving away this medicine is against the law.

A person caring for you should give naloxone

and seek emergency medical attention if you have slow breathing with long pauses, blue-colored lips,

or if you find it hard to wake up.

Serious breathing problems may be more likely in older adults and people who are debilitated

or have wasting syndrome or chronic breathing disorders.
Call your doctor at once if you have:
noisy breathing,

sighing, shallow breathing, breathing that stops during sleep
a slow heart rate or weak pulse
a light-headed feeling,

like you might pass out
seizure (convulsions) or
low cortisol levels – nausea, vomiting,

loss of appetite, dizziness, worsening tiredness or weakness.

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Seek medical attention right away if you have symptoms of serotonin syndrome, such as agitation,

hallucinations, fever, sweating, shivering,

fast heart rate, muscle stiffness, twitching, loss of coordination, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Seizures have been reported in patients taking tramadol. Your risk of seizures is higher if you are taking higher doses than recommended.

Seizure risk is also higher in those with a seizure disorder or those taking certain antidepressants or opioid medications.

You should not take tramadol if you have severe breathing problems,

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a head injury or increased pressure inside your skull, a blockage in your stomach or intestines,

or if you have recently used alcohol, sedatives, tranquilizers, narcotic medication,

or an MAO inhibitor (isocarboxazid, linezolid, methylene blue injection, phenelzine, rasagiline, selegiline, tranylcypromine, and others).

Tramadol should not be used if you are suicidal or prone to addiction.

Fatal side effects can occur if you use this medicine with alcohol,

or with other drugs that cause drowsiness or slow your breathing.

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People taking extended-release forms of tramadol should not consume alcohol-containing beverages at the same time.

Alcohol is also not advised with immediate-release forms of tramadol.

Serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, have occurred with tramadol,

some of which caused death. People who are allergic to other opioids are at higher risk.

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Other hypersensitivity reactions include itching, hives, narrowing of the airways,

swelling of the face and airways (angioedema), and serious skin reactions such as Stevens-Johnson Syndrome.

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to tramadol (symptoms include hives, difficulty breathing,

swelling in your face or throat) or a severe skin reaction (fever, sore throat, burning in your eyes,

skin pain, a red or purple skin rash that spreads and causes blistering and peeling).

Tramadol hydrochloride extended-release capsules/tablets may complicate a healthcare provider’s clinical assessment of an acute abdominal condition.

They should also not be used by people with liver or kidney disease.

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Taking tramadol during pregnancy may cause life-threatening withdrawal symptoms in the newborn.

Tramadol should not be given to a child younger than 12 years old,

or anyone younger than 18 years old who recently had surgery to remove the tonsils

or adenoids. Extended-release tramadol (Ultram ER) should not be given to anyone younger than 18 years.

Tramadol may cause drowsiness or affect your ability to drive or perform hazardous tasks.

Do not perform these tasks if tramadol causes confusion, mental impairment, or drowsiness.

The nonopioid effects of tramadol are due to its ability to block the reuptake of monoamines,

such as norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5HT).

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Increases in NE are known to mediate the body’s natural pain-relief systems.

Some of its pain-relieving effects are due to increased levels of NE that act on alpha2 adrenergic receptors and are completely independent of its effects on opioid receptors.

Tramadol side effects (more detail)
Is tramadol an opioid?
Tramadol is an opioid pain-relieving medicine that also has nonopioid effects.

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It differs from other opioids in that it is a prodrug and requires metabolism in the body before it is active. Tramadol itself has very little activity at the mu opioid receptor (MOR) but its M1 metabolite (O-desmethyl-tramadol) has an affinity only 10 times less than morphine.

Binding to the mu-opioid receptor triggers intracellular events that diminish the transmission of pain signals, which blunts the emotional response to pain, providing pain relief.

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How do genetics affect Tramadol and Alcohol?
The opioid effects of tramadol are greatly affected by a person’s genetics,

particularly their capacity for tramadol metabolism through a liver enzyme system called cytochrome P450 2D6. 20% of African Americans,

10% of Caucasians, and 2% of Asians have genetic polymorphisms that reduce the activity of this enzyme, which decreases how much tramadol is metabolized. People who are poor metabolizers at CYP 2D6 may find tramadol ineffective.

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Individuals who are CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metabolizers (about 3% of the population) are at risk of life-threatening or fatal breathing side effects from tramadol (respiratory depression) even at regular dosages because they convert tramadol into its active metabolite more rapidly than other people. These people should not use tramadol.